The .NET Framework Includes the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and the .NET Framework class library,Metadata, Manifest. The CLR is a standard foundation for building a range of new applications, while the .NET Framework class library provides standard implementations of many new services for CLR-based applications.

When compiling to managed code, the compiler translates your source code into Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL), which is a CPU-independent set of instructions that can be efficiently converted to native code. Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) is a language used as the output of a number of compilers and as the input to a just-in-time (JIT) compiler. The common language runtime includes a JIT compiler for converting MSIL to native code.

An application domain is used to isolate applications from one another. The CLR can allow multiple .NET applications to be run in a single process by loading them into separate application domains.

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